ECONOMIC ORDER INDONESIA LONG TIME.
When
our country is independent, in 1945. Economic conditions
of the state of our country is
very poor, it is because :
a. Inflation
is very high.
This is due to the release of more than one currency
in our country are very uncontrollable. At that time, the Indonesian government temporarily claimed
three prevailing currency in the region of
Indonesia, namely De Javashe Bank's currency,
the currency of the Netherlands East
Indies, and the Japanese occupation currency. the
amount of money circulating in
our country caused prices in our country be increased.
b. Existence
of economic blockade
by the Netherlands since November 1945 to
close the door Indonesian
foreign trade.
c. Cash
empty state.
d. Exploitation
massive future colonization.
Effort - The work done to overcome the economic
difficulties:
a. Nation
we do a loan
program by the finance
minister IR.
b. Efforts
blockade by offering 500,000 tons of rice aid
to India (as
India is a country which has the same
fate as ever
in colonize Indonesia)
and India handed
over the drugs to Indonesia.
c. Economics
Conference in February 1946, which aims to
obtain unanimous agreement when tackling the economic
problems that the prodding,
such as: production problems, food, clothing.
d. Establishment
of Planning Board
(Board Designer Economics)
on 19 January 1947.
These
efforts continue year
after year to change the Indonesian economy bit
by bit. Guided Democracy and
the time around the year 1959 to 1967. As a result
of the July 5, 1959 decree of
the President of Indonesia to run the contents
of guided democracy system everything better economic
structure governed entirely
by the Indonesian government.
This
is done in order to bring
prosperity Indonesian society. however, this
policy has not been able to
improve the state of conditions in the country. this is in view when the
government makes the money of Rp 1,000
to Rp. 1.
So
the new rupiah should be rewarded 1000 fold rupiah old, but new people rupiah
appreciated only 10-fold higher. So the government action to suppress the
inflation rate actually increases the rate of inflation.
2. Indonesian
Economy In
The New
Order.
At
the beginning of the new order, when Suharto was
president of Indonesia is
currently serving the economic condition in Indonesia
is very bad, the
level of inflation in our country reached 650%
per year.
President
Suharto saai it
adds a step that
has been done previously by Sukarno. and turns Suharto succeed
in reducing inflation from 650%
to below 15% in
less than two years.
To
curb inflation so high, Suharto did much
different from previous presidents, he makes
the budget, issuing banks, restore the economy
and embrace the western
countries to attract capital.
In
addition Suharto in the 1970s also
boost oil extraction
and mining. Thus
increasing revenues from oil and gas. From 0.6%
billion in 1973 and
now reaches 10.6%
billion in 1980.
The
climax of the policy is ketiaka income from
oil and gas equal to 80% of the Indonesian export.
With this policy, Indonesia can advance in
development under the new order.
3. GOVERNMENT TRANSITION.
The
economic crisis has alarming impact on the
increase in unemployment, both in urban and rural
areas, declining purchasing power,
education and health
as well as the number of poor degenerate therefore appears
to increase social safety net policy
Which
led to a remarkable achievement that the exchange rate of
Rp.16.000 be Rp.6.000.
4.
GOVERNMENT REFORM
Occurs
and there is much
confusion about future policy
perekonomian.Pada Wahid, Indonesia's credit rating has fluctuated,
from CCC ratings
fell to DDD and
climbed back to the CCC.
One
of the main causes is
the impact of the
financial crisis in 1998 which
was brought up to reign.
5.
FUTURE LEADERSHIP Megawati
Megawati's
Indonesian republic was inaugurated as president on 23 July 2001.
During his reign many issues that
must be faced. One very important issue is
economic recovery and enforcement policies adopted
to tackle the problem include:
a. Era
of Soeharto's leadership has inherited a foreign debt (public and private) of U.S. $ 150.80 BILLION. Megawati
policy in addressing this problem is to ask
for a delay debt payments of U.S. $ 5.8 billion
to the Paris Club meeting to-3 dated 12 April 2002. In 2003, the
government mengakolasikan payment
of foreign debt amounting to Rp116, 3 billion.
Through the policy
of Indonesian foreign debt
decreased to U.S. $ 134.66 billion. One
of the most important decisions
megawati also is
Indonesia terminate its cooperation with the
IMF.
b. Economic
crisis that hit Indonesia
since 1997, resulting in deterioration of per capita income. In 1997 the per capita income of only U.S. $ 465 Indonesia.
restoration of security policy through Indonesian situation
becomes calm. President
Megawati succeeded in significantly raising per
capita income of around U.S.
$ 930.vv
c. Tranquility
megawati welcomed by the market, less than a month inducted rate jumped
to Rp 8,500
per U.S. dollar. Composite
Stock Price Index (CSPI) also continued to improve until skyrocketed to
number 800.
d. In
order to increase economic growth and put pressure
on inflation, the president
megawati take a
very controversial move, which is to privatize state
enterprises. The government sold Indosat
in 2003. Proceeds successfully raised Indonesia's
economic growth to 4.1% and 5.06% inflansi only.
Privatization is selling
state enterprises in a period of crisis. The
goal is to protect the company's state of
interversi political forces and pay off foreign
debt payments.
e. Improve
the performance of exports. In 2002 the export value reached U.S. $ 57.158 billion
and imports reached
U.S. $ 31.229 billion. In 2003 exports also
rose keangka U.S.
$ 61.02 billion and
imports increased keangka U.S. $ 32.39
billion.
f. Policy
megawati president for eradicating corruption
eradication commission to realize the establishment
korusi (KPK). Although
the Commission has been established because there
is no concrete breakthrough
that stands out. RI ranked as the most
corrupt country still deteriorating.
In 2002, out of 102
countries Indonesia was ranked 4th. in 2003
Indonesia was ranked 6th out of 133 countries prosecutor appointment General
MA Rachman does not give the sense of a
very significant law enforcement.
Without any emphatic rhetoric about corruption
enforcement.
6. GOVERNMENT Mutual
Aid
Step
president to embrace the political parties which lost the 2009 elections are part of a policy of Soft Power,
or policies to
work together in building the nation
and the state. This
is similar to the Cabinet Mutual-Aid in the past.
The
state of the economic system of Indonesia during
the rule of mutual aid has the
following characteristics:
a.
Due to low economic growth is still
lacking mainly due to the development of investment is still unstable political
and social conditions in the country.
b.
In terms of exports, since 2000, the
value of Indonesia's non-oil exports continued to decline from 62.1 billion
dollars to 56.3 billion U.S. dollars in 2001, and in 2002 to 42.56 billion U.S.
dollars.
7.
GOVERNMENT INDONESIA UNITE (era SBY - Boediono)
United Indonesia Cabinet cabinet Indonesian government is
divided into Indonesian Cabinet united volumes I and II. Cabinet Indonesia united
Volume I is a sixth form of government led by President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono
and Vice President Jusuf Kalla at the time (2004 - 2009) and the first president
elected through direct elections system in Indonesia, while volume II united
Indonesia Cabinet, led by President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono and Vice President
Dr. Boediono which is a form of government for the past seven (2009-2014).
United Indonesia Cabinet Volume
I is formed on October 21, 2004 and ended
in 2009 replaced the previous
cabinet led mutual
aid and Hamzah megawati haz on December 5, 2005.
In Indonesia unite vol 1 that in 2004 to 2009 in our
State debt skyrocketed dramatically from 1275 trillion to 1667 trillion government
of SBY "very successful" in debt borrow task. With the current system
of government policy Yudhoyono, the Indonesian people are forced to bear the burden
of bailing out the rich bankers who have been through a variety of subsidies such
as education circumcision (BHP) and health.
At the same time, the
people who did not make mistakes
and have never enjoyed the debt, should pay
for oil / fuel, electricity and water
are expensive, so
the state could pay the debt
plus debt in the
state education subsidy
and oil pull
with no apparent reason.
Morals of our nation is
no longer good people who are in a position
above the middle or
the bottom. Now
its time Indonesia united volume II we can
not directly determine how
the performance of the present
government as they had served
2 years.
There are still 2
more years to fix the future. But look at
the Indonesian economy today it's hard to stabilize the
economy such as the construction during the reign of president Suharto
first.
There are so many issues important issue in government jamann
volumes I and II know just disappear without end core and root of the problem where
it starts. Indonesian Pemerintaan Volume I and Volume II policy however, ministers
and so we as a society just expects the government to improve the country's
economic growth will also affect the growing prosperity of the people of
Indonesia that is still no progress.
Conclusion: Of the various cases that we know about the economy in Indonesia
since the Old Order until now, it can be concluded that the economic situation our
country is experiencing ups and downs. Our country can achieve economic growth that
can be said is successful when the Suharto government during the old order. But
sooner or later, our nation's economy turmoil, it can be seen from:
a. Poverty in our country
is increasing.
b. Unemployment is rising because
fewer jobs compared
with the labor force.
c. Still there are children who can not feel education.
d. Increasingly the corrupt-free.
e. Still has debts to foreign
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